Biological Classification (Taxonomy)
KINGDOM, PHYLLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
- DEVELOPED BY C. LINNAEUS & referred to as the Linnaean System
- two names - Genus (General Group) + species (specific group)
- examples: Canis latrans = coyote, Canis lupus = wolf,
Homo sapiens = human
- 6 KINGDOMS - ARCHAEBACTERIA, EUBACTERIA, PROTISTA, FUNGI, ANIMALIA,
PLANTAE
- Phyla (& Classes)/Divisions
- ARCHAEBACTERIA- primitive prokaryotes [1-CELLED, NO NUCLEUS]
= Many anaerobic bacteria (including sulfate-reducing and methanogenic
forms) & bacteria that tolerate extreme environments
- EUBACTERIA - advanced prokaryotes [1-CELLED, NO NUCLEUS] = Most
aerobic bacteria & Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae)
- PROTISTA - unicellular eukaryotes [1-CELLED, NUCLEUS]; Most
Algae (diatoms, coccoliths & dinoflagellates) & Protozoans (foraminifers
& radiolarians)
- PLANTAE - photosynthetic, multicelled eukaryotes [multicelled
plants]
- Seaweeds (multicellular algae)
- Mosses & other nonvascular plants
- Primitive vascular land plants (including Lycopods & Sphenopsids)
- Ferns
- mosses, primitive vascular land plants, & ferns are spore-bearing
- GYMNOSPERMS [non-flowering seed plants] = extinct seed ferns,
plus conifers, cycads, & ginkoes
- ANGIOSPERMS [flowering seed plants]
- ANIMALIA - nonphotosynthetic, multicelled eukaryotes [multicelled
animals] that ingest
- sponges (PORIFERA)
- corals/sea anemones & jellyfish (CNIDARIA)
- BRYOZOA [how do they differ from corals?]
- BRACHIOPODA [how do they differ from clams?]
- snails/slugs, clams/oysters/mussels, & squids/octopi (MOLLUSCA)
- segmented worms (ANNELIDA)
- onychophorans (intermediate between Annelids & Arthropods)
- insects, spiders/scorpions, crustaceans, millipedes/centipedes &
trilobites (ARTHROPODA)
- starfish/brittle stars, sand dollars/urchins, & crinoids (ECHINODERMATA)
- vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (CHORDATA)