1

• Alfred Russell Wallace & Charles Darwin simultaneously published papers describing Natural Selection as the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.
• Jean B. Lamarck & Charles Darwin simultaneously published papers describing Natural Selection as the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.
• The key concept of organic evolution that Charles Darwin provided was that heritable characteristics are transmitted from generation to generation by Genes.
• The key concept of organic evolution that Charles Darwin provided was that organisms acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on to their descendents.
• Charles Darwin considered that heritable traits shown to be most useful for survival by natural selection were passed to descendants by GENES.
• Charles Darwin is generally credited with providing the key concept in the debate about organic evolution, namely that organic evolution occurs by means of Natural Selection.
• Charles Darwin stated that Natural Selection was the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.
• Charles Darwin stated that Genes were the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.
• Genetic recombination as the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs was the key concept of organic evolution provided by Charles Darwin.
• The key concept of organic evolution that Jean Baptiste de Lamarck provided was that organic evolution proceeds by means of Natural Selection.
• That most offspring do not survive to maturity has nothing to with Natural Selection.
• That there is natural variation among the individuals of a species has nothing to with Natural Selection.
• That there is natural variation among the individuals of a species is an important part of Natural Selection.
• That individuals surviving to reproduce are those that are the best fighters is an important aspect of Natural Selection.

• What was the key concept of organic evolution that Charles Darwin provided?
• The key concept of organic evolution provided by Charles Darwin was that _________.
  • A. Heritable characteristics are transmitted from generation to generation by Genes.
  • B. Organic evolution proceeds by means of Natural Selection.
  • C. Variability within species is introduced by Genetic Recombination.
  • D. all of these
  • E. none of these
• The concept of Natural Selection as the mechanism by which evolution occurs was developed by:
• Because he wrote more about it, the concept of Natural Selection as the mechanism by which evolution occurs usually credited to:
  • A. Charles Darwin. B. Alfred Russell Wallace.
  • C. Carolus Linnaeus. D. Gregor Mendel. E. both A. & B.
• Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics as the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs was developed by ________________.
  • A. George de Buffon B. Charles Darwin C. Erasmus Darwin
  • D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
• Which of the following statements is true about Natural Selection?
  • A. Individuals surviving to reproduce are those that are the best fighters.
  • B. Most offspring survive to maturity.
  • C. There is natural variation among the individuals of a species.
  • D. all of these
  • E. none of these

• ___________________________ & Charles Darwin simultaneously published papers describing Natural Selection as the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.
• ___________________________ as the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs was the key concept of organic evolution provided by Charles Darwin.
• _______________________ provided the key concept of organic evolution, namely that Natural Selection was the mechanism by which organic evolution occurs.

• Briefly describe the contribution Charles Darwin made to the theory of organic evolution.

2

• Fish, turtle, chicken, chimpanzee & human embryos are very similar in early/late stages of development.
• Human wisdom teeth & appendices are vestigial structures.
• The human appendix is an example of an homologous structure.
• The human appendix and whale & snake pelvic bones are examples of homologous structures.
• Horse side splints (toes) & human appendices are examples of vestigial organs.
• Bird wings & human arms are homologous structures.
• The bones in a human arm & in the fin of a whale are examples of homologous structures.
• Bat wings & whale flippers are homologous structures.
• The forelimbs of humans & dogs, the flippers of whales, and the wings of bats & birds are homologous structures.
• Tetrapod limbs (human arm, horse leg, bird & bat wings, whale flippers) are examples of homologous structures.
• The forelimbs of humans & dogs, the flippers of whales, and the wings of bats & birds are homologous structures.
• Bird wings & fly wings are homologous structures.
• Whale & snake pelvises are examples of vestigial organs.
• Tetrapod limbs are examples of vestigial organs.
• The forelimbs of humans & dogs and the wings of birds & bats are examples of vestigial organs.
• Humans no longer have the genes to grow tails.
• Humans still retain the genes to grow tails, as indicated by the tails exhibited by human embryos during early stages of development.
• Horses still retain the genes to grow second and fourth lateral toes.
• Horses still retain the genes to grow several toes at the ends of each leg.
• Horse still have genes to grow three toes on each foot.
• Horses no longer have the genes to grow second & fourth lateral toes.
• The human appendix and whale & snake pelvic bones are examples of homologous structures.

• Which of the following are examples of vestigial structures?
• ___________________ are examples of vestigial structures.
  • B. whale & snake pelvic bones
  • A. human limbs & bird wings B. cow horns & deer antlers
  • B. whale & snake pelvic bones C. ichthyosaur & dolphin dorsal fin
  • A. human appendix B. snake pelvic bones C. whale pelvic bones
  • A. Human appendices B. Snake pelvic bones C. Horse splint bones
  • D. all of these E. none of these
• The human appendix & wisdom teeth, whale & snake pelvic bones, and horse side splints (toes) & mammalian dewclaws are examples of _______________________.
  • A. homologous structures B. analogous structures
  • C. vestigial structures
  • D. all of these E. none of these.
• Which of the following are examples of homologous structures?
• ________________ are examples of homologous structures.
  • A. Human appendices B. Snake pelvic bones C. Horse splint bones
  • A. human limbs & bird wings B. whale fins & bat wings
  • C. human appendix D. fly wings & bird wings
  • A. whale & snake pelvic bones B. human arms & bird wings
  • A. forelimbs of humans & dogs B. flippers of whales
  • C. wings of bats & birds
  • C. both A. & B.
  • D. all of these
  • D. none of these
• Which of the following are examples of analogous (NOT homologous) structures?
  • A. human limbs & bird wings B. whale fins & bat wings
  • C. fly wings & bird wings
  • D. both A. & B.
  • E. all of these
• Human & dog forelimbs, whale flippers, and bird & bat wings are _________________.
  • A. analogous structures B. homologous structures C. vestigial organs
  • D. all of these
  • E. none of these.

• The human appendix is an example of a _____________________ organ.
• The human appendix, whale & snake pelvic bones, and horse side splints (toes) are examples of ________________________ .
• Whale & snake pelvises, human appendices, & horse toes are examples of ___________________ organs.
• The forelimbs of humans & dogs and the wings of birds & bats are examples of ___________________.
• The wings of flys and the wings of vertebrate animals (birds & bats) are examples of ___________________ structures.
• The fins of whales and the wings of birds are examples of ________________ .
• Human wisdom teeth, snake pelvic bones, and dog dewclaws are examples of ___________________.

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