1 – Birds

True-False

A characteristic of theropods that made it easier for birds to develop flight was hollow bones.

Hollow bones are a characteristic of theropods that made it easier for birds to develop flight.

Archaeopteryx has only been found in the late Jurassic Solnhofern Limestone of Bavaria.

Birds evolved from dinosaurs during the Jurassic Period.

Birds evolved from dinosaurs during the Mesozoic Era.

Whether or not coelurosaurs had furcula has no bearing on the dinosaur - bird discussion.

Mesozoic birds differ from modern birds because they had teeth & long tails.

That theropods & birds are bipedal supports the arboreal, not the cursorial, hypothesis for the development of bird flight.

Support for the arboreal, not the cursorial, hypothesis for the development of bird flight comes from the fact that theropods & birds are bipedal.

No dinosaurs had feathers.

Feathers were possessed by no dinosaur.

Mononykus is from the Gobi and has a weird short, stout carpometacarpus.

Multiple Choice

_______________________ is the first fossil bird found and is also the oldest bird.

The first fossil bird found, which is also the oldest bird, is _______________________.

A. Archaeopteryx B. Hesperornis C. Mononykus D. Sinosauropteryx E. none of these

Archaeopteryx has which of the following characteristics that differ from those of modern birds?

Which of the following characteristics possessed by Archaeopteryx differ from those of modern birds?

A. Teeth B. Long tail C. Three separate fingers D. A., B. & C. E. Feathers

How do Late Mesozoic marine birds differ from modern birds?

A. couldn't fly B. had tails C. had teeth D. were much larger E. didn't lay eggs

Support for the idea that feathers first developed for insulation & were adapted for flight later has recently been found in China & Mongolia in the form of _____________ .

___________________ has/have recently been found in Mongolia & China & support the idea that feathers first developed for insulation & were adapted for flight later.

A. Caudipteryx B. Protoarchaeopteryx C. Sinosauropteryx D. A., B. & C. E. Hesperornis

A. Sinornithosaurus B. Mononykus C. Caudipteryx D. Beipiaosaurus E. A., C. & D.

Fill in the Blank

Give a derived characteristic of birds: ________________________________________.

Birds evolved from ___________________ during the Jurassic Period.

1 – Dinosaur and Bird Physiology

True-False

Although there are major problems with using museum specimens, Bob Bakker has shown that dinosaur predator-prey ratios support the idea that dinosaurs were endothermic.

Relative brain size in dinosaurs has nothing to contribute to the discussion of whether or not dinosaurs were endothermic.

Small theropods were as smart (had the same EQ’s) as living mammals & birds of the same size.

That they grew as quickly as mammals & birds and may have been endothermic has been documented by Jack Horner for many dinosaurs that have densely vascularized bone.

Jack Horner has documented that many dinosaurs had densely vascularized bone, indicating that they grew as quickly as mammals & birds and may have been endothermic.

That dinosaur fossils have been found at high paleolatitudes indicates they were ectothermic like modern leatherback turtles.

Small dinosaurs were probably endothermic; medium sized dinosaurs were probably endothermic when young but switched to gigantothermy as adults; and large dinosaurs used gigantothermy.

According to Bob Bakker, the plates of Stegosaurus could wiggle, to be used in defense (along with its formidable tail spikes).

The plates of Stegosaurus could wiggle, to be used in defense (along with its formidable tail spikes), according to Bob Bakker.

Multiple Choice

What aspect(s) of dinosaur posture is/are also found as a characteristic of living endotherms (birds & mammals)?

What characteristic(s) of living endotherms (birds & mammals) is/are also found as an aspect of dinosaur posture?

A. bipedal B. fully erect stance C. long-leggedness D. none of these E. all of these

Dinosaurs may have operated by ______________________________, the process whereby a cold-blooded animal keeps a relatively constant body temperature because of large size.

The process whereby an animal that is cold-blooded but keeps a relatively constant body temperature because of large size is called ______________________________, which is how dinosaurs may have operated.

Dr. Spotila thinks dinosaurs operated by ______________________________, the process whereby a cold-blooded animal keeps a relatively constant body temperature because of large size.

The process whereby an animal that is cold-blooded but keeps a relatively constant body temperature because of large size is called ______________________________, which is how Dr. Spotila thinks dinosaurs operated.

A. ectothermy B. endothermy C. gigantothermy D. warm-bloodedness E. none of these

Fill in the Blank

The characteristic of living endotherms (birds & mammals) also found as an aspect of dinosaur posture is bipedality / fully erect stance / long-leggedness (circle one).

A fully erect stance / Long-leggedness / Bipedality (circle one) is the aspect of dinosaur posture also found as a characteristic of living endotherms (birds & mammals).

3 – Extinction

True-False

Major or intermediate mass extinctions occurred at or near the ends of the Ordovician, Devonian, Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous periods.

The Alvarezes postulated that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous was caused by an asteroid impact because of the anomalously high concentration of Iridium at the K-T boundary.

Because of the anomalously high concentration of Iridium at the K-T boundary, the Alvarezes postulated that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous was caused by an asteroid impact.

Support for the idea of an asteroid impact comes from shocked quartz, microtektites, and soot at the K-T boundary.

Shocked quartz, microtektites, and soot at the K-T boundary supports the idea of an asteroid impact.

Acid rain might have resulted from the impact at Chicxulub because it was an area of evaporite deposition.

Plant productivity on land and in the oceans appears to have shut down completely at the K-T boundary.

The pollen record of Montana, North Dakota & Wyoming shows Cretaceous species going extinct precisely at the Iridium anomaly, followed by a fern pollen spike, followed by a return of flowering seed plants characteristic of the Paleocene.

Only dinosaurs went extinct at the K-T boundary.

Multiple Choice

The impact crater formed from the asteroid impact is thought to have been found _________________.

A. in Gubbio, Italy B. under the Deccan Traps in India

C. buried under the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, the Chicxulub Crater D. all of these E. none of these

Fill in the Blank

Give the name of a non-dinosaur group that went extinct abruptly at the K-T boundary: _________________________ .