True-False

Amniote eggs are/were laid by a few mammals, most reptiles, all birds and dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs, all birds, most reptiles and a few mammals lay/laid amniote eggs.

Dinosaur eggs have been known since the second half of the 19^th Century, and dinosaur nests have been known since the 1920’s.

Since the second half of the 19^th Century, paleontologists have known about dinosaur eggs, and since the 1920’s about dinosaur nests.

That theropods laid eggs through paired oviducts is strongly suggested by pairing of eggs in Troodon nests and the presence of a pair of eggs in Sinosauropteryx.

The presence of a pair of eggs in Sinosauropteryx and pairing of eggs in Troodon nests strongly suggest that theropods laid eggs through paired oviducts.

According to Dr. Martin, eggs are body fossils.

Eggs are body fossils according to Dr. Martin.

Probably because dinosaur eggs were covered with vegetation or sediment, dinosaur egg pores are larger than those of bird eggs, allowing greater gas exchange across the shell.

Dinosaur egg pores are larger than those of bird eggs, allowing greater gas exchange across the shell, probably because dinosaur eggs were covered with vegetation or sediment.

Sandy sediment is ideal for preserving the shape of a dinosaur egg.

A dinosaur egg’s shape is best preserved in sandy sediment.

The more mineralized a dinosaur egg is, the greater its preservation potential.

A dinosaur egg’s preservation potential is increased by more mineralization.

The most prolific dinosaur egg horizons are found in Late Cretaceous strata.

Late Cretaceous strata are the most prolific dinosaur egg horizons.

Until discovery of clearly brooding Oviraptor on nest and embryos in eggs, Oviraptor eggs (replicas of which are in the front of the room) were assigned to Protoceratops.

Oviraptor eggs (replicas of which are in the front of the room) were originally assigned to Protoceratops until discovery of clearly brooding Oviraptor on nest and embryos in eggs.

Because many dinosaur eggs may have recrystallized, oxygen isotope ratios in such recrystallized eggs will give the temperature of the water in which recrystallization took place, rather than reflecting the temperature of the water from which it precipitated.

Although the oxygen isotope ratios in a dinosaur egg shell should reflect the temperature of the water from which it precipitated, many eggs may have recrystallized and such ratios in recrystallized eggs give the temperature of the water in which recrystallization took place.

Recrystallization doesn’t complicate the interpretation of the carbon isotope (C¹² and C¹³) ratios of dinosaur eggs, which should reflect the diet of the mother dinosaur.

Carbon isotope (C¹² and C¹³) ratios of dinosaur eggs should reflect the diet of the mother dinosaur, and recrystallization doesn’t complicate the interpretation of such ratios.

No dinosaur nests so far found have been constructed in trees.

No dinosaur nests so far found have been constructed in trees.

That mother dinosaurs often moved eggs after laying them is shown by vertical orientation and patterns (concentric circles, spirals, parallel rows and clusters).

Vertical orientation and patterns (concentric circles, spirals, parallel rows and clusters) show that mother dinosaurs often moved eggs after laying them.

Because many other paleontologists had already found baby dinosaur bones, Jack Horner and Bob Makela did not particularly care that they found baby dinosaur bones in Marion Brandwold’s rock shop.

Jack Horner and Bob Makela did not particularly care that they found baby dinosaur bones in the rock shop run by Marion Brandwold, because many other paleontologists had already found such bones.

The distance between Maiasaura nests was equivalent to the body length of the animal, and it appears that Maiasaura colonies were relatively dense, very much like some bird colonies.

It appears that Maiasaura colonies were relatively dense, very much like some bird colonies, and the distance between nests was equivalent to the body length of the animal.

Jack Horner believes that Maiasaura lived in large nesting colonies, where hatchlings stayed in groups within the colony, just as some ground-nesting birds do today, fed and protected by parent animals, communicating with one another to threaten predators or alert their young, and after nesting he has very good evidence that they traveled in gigantic herds or flocks.

Multiple Choice

____________________ are oviparous.

A. A few mammals B. Most reptiles C. All birds D. Dinosaurs E. all of these

A. Dinosaurs B. All birds C. Most reptiles D. A few mammals E. all of these

The most prolific dinosaur egg horizons are found in ____________ strata.

A. Late Triassic B. Early and Middle Jurassic C. Late Jurassic D. Early Cretaceous E. Late Cretaceous

_____________ strata are the most prolific dinosaur egg horizons.

A. Late Cretaceous B. Early Cretaceous C. Late Jurassic D. Early and Middle Jurassic E. Late Triassic

____________________ probably brooded its eggs, based on fossilized nests with eggs.

A. Oviraptor B. Maiasaura C. Troodon D. all of these E. both A. and B.

Based on fossilized nests with eggs, ____________________ probably brooded its eggs.

A. Troodon B. Oviraptor C. Maiasaura D. both B. and C. E. all of these

____________ hatchlings are altricial.

A. Hypacrosaurus B. Maiasaura C. Troodon D. all of these E. both A. and B.

The hatchlings of ____________ are altricial.

A. Troodon B. Maiasaura C. Hypacrosaurus D. both B. and C. E. all of these

Fill in the Blank

Jack Horner has evidence that shows that Maiasaura used the _________________________ nesting sites year-after-year.

Maiasaura used the _________________________ nesting sites year-after-year according to evidence that Jack Horner has.