True-False

Because it may be preserved in rocks that do not normally preserve dinosaur body fossils is an advantage of a dinosaur trackway.

              An advantage of a dinosaur trackway is that it may be preserved in rocks that do not normally preserve dinosaur body fossils.

 

Because it reflects dinosaur behavior while the dinosaur was alive is an advantage of a dinosaur trackway.

              An advantage of a dinosaur trackway is that it reflects dinosaur behavior while the dinosaur was alive.

 

The most likely posture of dinosaurs (that is, an erect stance) may be interpreted from their trackways.

              From dinosaur trackways, paleontologists have interpreted their most likely posture (that is, an erect stance).

 

Right-left pairs of foot impressions with a pes track just in back of or overlapping the posterior edge of a manus track is typically left by walking quadrupedal dinosaurs.

              Walking quadrupedal dinosaurs often leave right-left pairs of foot impressions with a pes track just in back of or overlapping the posterior edge of a manus track.

 

A single footprint tells us nothing about dinosaur movement.

              Nothing about dinosaur movement can be determined from a single footprint.

 

The compression shapes of not-so-well-preserved tracks can be used to distinguish the major groups of dinosaurs.

              The major groups of dinosaurs can be distinguished using the compression shapes of not-so-well-preserved tracks.

 

The compression shapes of not-so-well-preserved tracks can be used to distinguish the dinosaur trackmaker at the species level.

              A dinosaur trackmaker can be distinguished at the species level using the compression shapes of not-so-well-preserved tracks.

 

Most dinosaur tracks are preserved as undertracks.

 

Theropod tracks are the most common dinosaur tracks.

              The most common dinosaur tracks were made by theropods.

 

Complications arise in classifying dinosaur footprints because it is not always easy to match a track made by a fleshed out foot with the bones of the foot that are all that make up the fossil record; tracks may have been made by an unknown species of dinosaur; or there may be confusion between tracks of juvenile dinosaurs of one species with those of small adults from another (but morphologically similar) adult species.

              That it is not always easy to match a track made by a fleshed out foot with the bones of the foot that are all that make up the fossil record; that tracks may have been made by an unknown species of dinosaur; or that there may be confusion between tracks of juvenile dinosaurs of one species with those of small adults from another (but morphologically similar) adult species are some of the complications that arise in classifying dinosaur footprints.

 

Dinosaur speed can be calculated using a technique developed by MacNeil Alexander that uses the stride length and footprint size in dinosaur trackways together with the leg length (hip height) measured from dinosaur skeletons.

              MacNeil Alexander developed a technique that uses the stride length and footprint size in dinosaur trackways together with the leg length (hip height) measured from dinosaur skeletons to calculate dinosaur speed.

 

Most dinosaur trackways show that they were running at a fast speed.

              Dinosaurs were running at a fast speed when most trackways were made.

 

The fastest dinosaur speeds have been calculated for small- to medium-sized theropods.

              Tracks from small- to medium-sized theropods have yielded the fastest calculated dinosaur speeds.

 

That dinosaurs swam is clearly shown by dinosaur trackways.

              Dinosaur trackways clearly show that dinosaurs swam.

 

That dinosaurs dragged their tails is clearly shown by dinosaur trackways.

              Dinosaur trackways clearly show that dinosaurs dragged their tails.

 

In the video “THE DINOSAURS: Flesh on the Bones,” MacNeil Alexander worked out the speed of the big sauropods that left tracks exposed in Glen Rose, Texas, and determined that they were running really fast.

         MacNeil Alexander worked out the speed of the big sauropods that left tracks exposed in Glen Rose, Texas, and determined that they were running really fast in the video “THE DINOSAURS: Flesh on the Bones.”

 

Multiple Choice

__________________ were obligate bipeds.

A.    Theropods                         B.    Pachycephalosaurs         C.    Ceratopsians                    D.   both A. and B.         E.         none of these

              Which major dinosaur clade were obligate bipeds?

A.    Ceratopsians                    B.    Pachycephalosaurs         C.    Theropods                         D.   none of these           E.         both B. and C.

 

Theropods were __________________.

A.    obligate quadrupeds        B.    obligate bipeds                C.    facultative quadrupeds    D.   facultative bipeds   E.         none of these

A.    facultative bipeds            B.    facultative quadrupeds    C.    obligate quadrupeds        D.   obligate bipeds       E.         none of these

 

Which of the following statements about dinosaur track preservation is true?

A.    Fine-grained sediments with just enough water to make them cohesive yield the best preservation of dinosaur tracks.

B.    “Missing tracks” can result from variations in the substrate along a trackway.

C.    Too much moisture in sediments causes tracks that collapse on themselves.           D.   all of these               E.                                                                                                                                                         none of these

              Of the following statements about dinosaur track preservation, which is true?

A.    Variations in the substrate along a trackway can result in “missing tracks.”            D.   none of these           E.                                                                                                                                                         all of these

B.    Tracks that collapse on themselves can be caused by  too much moisture in sediments.

C.    The best preservation of dinosaur tracks is in fine-grained sediments with just enough water to make them cohesive.

 

Of the following statements about dinosaur tracks showing dinosaurs moving as individual, which is true?

A.    That dinosaurs were moving as individuals can be shown by parallel trackways with movement in opposite directions.

B.    Parallel trackways that are equally spaced with movement in the same direction and at the same speed show that dinosaurs were moving as individuals.

C.    No trackways can be used to show dinosaurs moved as individuals.                             D.   all of these               E.                                                                                                                                                         none of these

              Which of the following statements about dinosaur tracks showing dinosaurs moving as individuals is true?

A.    That dinosaurs were moving as individuals can be shown by parallel trackways that are equally spaced with movement in the same direction and at the same speed.

B.    Parallel trackways with movement in opposite directions show that dinosaurs were moving as individuals.

C.    No trackways can be used to show dinosaurs moved as individuals.                             D.   none of these           E.                                                                                                                                                         all of these

 

In the video “THE DINOSAURS: Flesh on the Bones,” Jim Farlow examines tracks produced by 3-toed, bipedal dinosaurs? To what major dinosaur clade do these dinosaurs belong?

A.    Marginocephalia             B.    Ornithopoda                     C.    Sauropodomorpha           D.   Theropoda                E.         Thyreophora

A.    Thyreophora                     B.    Sauropodomorpha           C.    Ornithopoda                     D.   Theropoda                E.         Marginocephalia

 

Fill in the Blank

Track morphology types associated with major dinosaur clades are shown on the back page, with a letter associated with each specific track morphology type. In any ONE of the blanks below, where each letter corresponds to a specific track morphology type, fill in the name of the major clade that made that specific track morphology type.

Track morphology associated with major dinosaur clades in shown in Figure 1 on the loose page, with letters associated with each specific track morphology. In any ONE of the blanks below, where the letters correspond to a specific track morphology, fill in the name of the major clade that made that specific track morphology.

Track morphology types associated with major dinosaur clades are shown on the back page, with a letter associated with each specific track morphology type. In any TWO of the blanks below, where each letter corresponds to a specific track morphology type, fill in the name of the major clade that made that specific track morphology type.

 

A.  ______________________ B.  ______________________ C.  ______________________

 

 

D.  ______________________ E.  ______________________ F.  ______________________

 

 

G.  ______________________

 

A         B         C         D         E          F          G