Do the following based on the relationship between ridge volume & sea level.

1. Briefly describe how ridge volume changes result in sea level changes. Use sketches if you wish. (10 pts.)

2. Briefly describe the factors that affect relative sea level so that transgressions can occur during eustatic sea level drops & regressions can occur during eustatic sea level rises. Use sketches if you wish. (10 pts.)

2. Sketch sea level for the last 85 million years based on the ridge volume calculations of Pitman (1978). Label the depth axis. (6 pts.)

Do the following concerned with sea level changes during the last 150,000 years. (15 pts.)

1. Briefly discuss how sea level variations during the last 150 thousand years are determined. (10 pts.)

2. Sketch sea level during the last 150 thousand years. Label the depth axis. (5 pts.)

Sketch sea level during the last 50,000 years based on radiocarbon dating of shoreline features. Label the depth axis.

Discuss how this variation in sea level during the last 50,000 years based on radiocarbon dating of shoreline features conflicts with the variation in sea level during the last 50,000 years deduced from the oxygen isotope record & from uplift of Pleistocene coral terraces in New Guinea & Barbados. (5 pts.).

Briefly describe the evidence indicating that addition of juvenile water from the mantle probably has not resulted in significant sea level changes during the Phanerozoic. Use sketches if you wish.

Do the following concerning seismic stratigraphy and sea level.

1. Sketch and label reflector relationships observed in seismic profiles which indicate: (3 pts.)

Sea level rise Sea level standstill Sea level drop

2. Sketch the characteristic shape of coastal onlap.