In Figure 1, the vertical & horizontal axes are in time units. Assume the ship travelled at 10 knots during collection of this profile. On Figure 1, label the vertical axis in meters, the horizontal axis in kilometers, & calculate the vertical exaggeration below. (5 pts.). [note - 1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour; 1 n.m. = 1.82 km].

Do (& show) the following calculations concerned with Figure 1. (10 pts.).

a. About how thick is the sediment column between 1900 & 1930 on 8 November in Figure 1?

b. About how deep is the feature between 1800 & 2000 on 9 November in Figure 1?

c. What is the approximate average local relief between 1330 & 1800 on 9 November in Figure 1?

In Figs. 1-4, the vertical axes are in time units. In Fig. 1, the horizontal scale is also in time units. Assume that the ship was travelling at 10 knots while this profile was being collected. On Fig. 1, label the vertical axis in meters, the horizontal axis in kilometers, & calculate the vertical exaggeration below (5 pts.).

Label the vertical axes & calculate the vertical exaggerations for Figs. 2-4. Which profile (1, 2, 3 or 4) has the smallest vertical exaggeration (9 pts.)?

Do (& show) the following calculations concerned with Figs. 1-4 (16 pts.).

a. About how thick is the sediment column at 1720 on 10 April in Fig. 1?

b. About how high above the adjacent seafloor is the feature between 0445 & 0545 on 10 April in Fig. 1?

c. What is the depth at the break in slope at 2135 on 11 April in Fig. 1?

d. About how high above the adjacent seafloor is the feature at mile 42 in Fig. 2?

e. What is the relief between the feature at mile 42 & the trough at mile 52 in Fig. 2?

f. What is the approximate average local relief of acoustic basement in Fig. 2?

g. What is the approximate average local relief apparent in Fig. 3?

h. What is the approximate average local relief apparent in Fig. 4?

In Figs. 1-4, the vertical and horizontal axes are in time units. Assume that the ship was travelling at 10 knots while these data were being collected. On Fig. 1, label the vertical axis in meters, the horizontal axis in kilometers, and calculate the vertical exaggeration below. (5 pts.).

Do the following calculations concerned with Figs. 1-4. (10 pts.).

a. Approximately how deep in the sediment column has the sound penetrated between 1030 and 1500 on 13 April (left edge) in Fig. 1?

b. Approximately how deep in the sediment column has the sound penetrated between 0630 and 0700 on 14 April in Fig. 1?

c. Approximately how high above the adjacent seafloor to the left is the feature between 0430 and 1400 on 18 February in Fig. 3?

d. What is the maximum relief apparent in Fig. 4?

e. What is the approximate average relief apparent in Fig. 4?

Briefly describe the basic technique used by all seismic methods. Include a discussion of the conversion of seismic data into depths or thicknesses. Use drawings if you wish (10 pts.).

Compare and contrast a 3.5 kHz echo sounding system with an airgun seismic system. Include a comparison of the frequencies of sound used, subbottom penetration, and resolution of subbottom reflectors. Use sketches if you wish.

Briefly describe how a marine magnetometer works and its usefulness in marine geophysics . Use drawings if you wish. (10 pts.).

Briefly describe how a piston corer works and its usefulness in marine geology. (10 pts.). Use sketches if you wish.

Compare & contrast piston & gravity corers. Include a description of how each works & its usefulness in marine geology. Use drawings if you wish (10 pts.).

What marine geophysical technique produces the type of data shown in Figs. 1-4? Briefly describe how this geophysical technique works. (10 pts.).

What marine geophysical technique produces the type of data shown in Figure 1? Briefly describe how this geophysical technique works and the significance of the data in Figure 1. Use sketches if you wish. (10 pts.).

History and Instruments (10 Points). Match the name or instruments on the right with most closely associated statement on the left. - see History.